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Combinating a Best SFIC Lock - very picture heavy!!!

Want to learn how master keyed systems work? not sure what a Grand Master or a change key are? Want to share a new MK system you came up with? How do different manufacturers pin up their locks? It's 10pm, do you know where your wafers are?

Combinating a Best SFIC Lock - very picture heavy!!!

Postby GWiens2001 » 20 Jul 2014 0:17

Finally getting around to combinating a couple SFIC cores lying around, and thought it might be good to make a pictorial writeup while I did so. While I have some knowledge of these locks, the professional locksmiths here who work with them will know a great deal more than me. Please feel free to correct anything incorrect, as there is much of which I am ignorant. My thanks to MrWizard, who taught me a lot. Hopefully I remember it correctly!

To start with, here are the bittings of the two keys to be used in this core…

Image

For those not familiar with the terms, a control key is used strictly to remove the lock core. A change key (also known as an operating key) is used to unlock or lock the core, but will not remove the core.

SFIC locks use a tip-stopped key. The bottom of the key has a flat tip that stops the key from entering further into the lock core. Due to this, the bittings are numbered from the tip of the key to the bow, instead of the other way as in many other locks.

Image

Here is another key. This one is for a 5 pin lock.

Image

The SFIC keys are made so they can be cut further from the tip to make them usable in 5, 6 or 7 pin locks. For example, the key above could be used in a five pin core with the bitting 84848, a six pin core with the bitting 848480, or a seven pin core with the bitting 8484800.

There are two sheer lines in a SFIC, as opposed to a standard lock. The operating sheer line is closest to the key, and the control sheer line is further from the key. The difference between the two sheer lines is .125”. This greatly complicates pinning these cores, and will not go into greater detail right now. Will keep this ‘simple’, and not address master keying at this time.

Why no extra detail at this time? Well, here is an example. Here is the pinning chart for the pins in each chamber of the core as required for the change key and the control key…

Image

Here are the pins in the chart above. The pins are upside down from the way they will be in the lock core. Have found this to be an easier way to load the cores.

Image

Here you can see the change key will fit the bottom pins (key pins)...

Image

And here is the control key over the pins.

Image

This is a pinning block for SFIC cores. It holds the lock core while you load the pins…

Image

It is best to test the keys and pins before you cap the pin chambers. The pinning block helps with this. Here is the back of the lock core, with the control key inserted, then turned. You can see the control sheer line in the normal position in the first picture…

Image

And with the control key turned. If the core were still in the housing, it could now be removed.

Image

Now the core in normal position with the change (operating) key inserted…

Image

And the change key turned…

Image

OK, we know the keys will work in the lock. So now put the core into the capping block with the top of the core at the top like this:

Image

Load the springs into each pin channel

Image

And one cap in each channel:

Image

Verify each pin channel has a cap in place by looking in from the top of the capping block:

Image

This is a capping tool. It is used to seat the caps in the top of the pin channels.

Image

Place it into each pin channel like this:

Image

Now give a sharp rap with a rawhide or plastic hammer to seat the caps.

Image

before seating:

Image

after seating:

Image

The capped core:

Image

Change key works:

Image

Control key works:

Image

Here is an American 3200 padlock which will be the home for this ‘R’ keyway core:

Image

Image

Image

Using the control key to install (or remove) the core:

Image

Image

Image

And the change key works!

Image

The tools used:

Image

Now as a quick add-on, here is one of two ‘WY’ cores that I received.

Image

No keys came with the cores, so here is how you can take these cores apart and find the bittings.

Needed tools:

Image

This is the ‘book’ that the pins will be punched out of the core into for decoding.

Image

The top of the SFIC cores have the caps, and larger holes.

Image

The bottom of the core has smaller holes. The tool enters here and forces the pins, springs, and caps out the top of the core.

Image

Load the book into the capping block

Image

until it seats flush.

Image

Put the core to be decoded in the capping block upside down

Image

Place the long tool into the pin channel.

Image

and tap it with a rawhide or plastic hammer. Very light force is needed. No need to act like you are hammering a nail into hard wood.

Image

Once you have done that in all the pin chambers, you can remove the core.

Image

Image

And remove the book. Note: Keep the book with the open side of the pin channels up, or the pins, springs and caps will fall out. Yes, I had to learn this the hard way. :oops:

Image

Open the book, and see all the pins, springs and caps. Each pin channel is organized and labelled - so easy!

Image

Note how the pin stacks are identical length (combined). This is called ‘balanced stacks’, and is rather important for SFIC locks.

Image

Again, the bittings are numbered from the tip of the key, not the bow.

Image

Measured the pins and decoded the control key as 2733557. The key pins would work out to a bottom level change key of 5421370, and six of the seven pin channels have master pins. If my calculations are correct, that would give 64 possible change key permutations that would fit this lock core, plus the control key.

OK, that should be enough misinformation for now! ;)

Questions? Comments? Corrections? Please post them, so we can all learn.

Gordon
Just when you finally think you have learned it all, that is when you learn that you don't know anything yet.
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Re: Combinating a Best SFIC Lock - very picture heavy!!!

Postby cledry » 20 Jul 2014 7:43

Very nice and nice photos. Thanks for taking the time to show this.

A couple of points.

I don't key them in that particular jig, I just use that for dis-assembly & decoding. I use an open top jig and I always rotate the plug when keying. The reason I rotate the plug (not the control lug is that it makes it easy to spot a pin stack that is either high or low. Correctly pinned the chambers will all be @ .045 below the top of the lock, never actually measured it.

Also if you took your top pins and subtracted them from 13 it will give you your control key. So if you have a lot of cores to pull and no control key it is simple to make a key to remove them.

I'm sure Evan will explain more as he seems to have the best understanding of Best that I have seen on this forum.

PS: looks like your capping block is cracked where it says lab. Mine is too.
Jim
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Re: Combinating a Best SFIC Lock - very picture heavy!!!

Postby GWiens2001 » 20 Jul 2014 9:06

cledry wrote:Also if you took your top pins and subtracted them from 13 it will give you your control key. So if you have a lot of cores to pull and no control key it is simple to make a key to remove them.


That is how i figured out the control key for the '"WY" keyway cores. But decided not to give full details in a writeup that would already be long. Also, if the cores were not correctly pinned (which we have all seen from time to time), then the method does not work. When they are correctly pinned, it saves a tremendous amount of time.

cledry wrote:PS: looks like your capping block is cracked where it says lab. Mine is too.


Yeah, that is why I got it for free. :) They needed a new one, and when I half jokingly offered $20 for the old one, they just gave it to me once the new one arrived. It should last long enough to meet my needs.

Thanks again for the input,

Gordon
Just when you finally think you have learned it all, that is when you learn that you don't know anything yet.
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Re: Combinating a Best SFIC Lock - very picture heavy!!!

Postby averagejoe » 20 Jul 2014 21:07

GWiens2001 wrote:
cledry wrote:Also if you took your top pins and subtracted them from 13 it will give you your control key. So if you have a lot of cores to pull and no control key it is simple to make a key to remove them.


That is how i figured out the control key for the '"WY" keyway cores. But decided not to give full details in a writeup that would already be long. Also, if the cores were not correctly pinned (which we have all seen from time to time), then the method does not work. When they are correctly pinned, it saves a tremendous amount of time.

Gordon


If that were the case wouldn't it just be a top pin that is to long or short? You should be able to add up the stack and find out the correct pin for the top easily enough.
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Re: Combinating a Best SFIC Lock - very picture heavy!!!

Postby GWiens2001 » 20 Jul 2014 22:07

averagejoe wrote:
GWiens2001 wrote:
cledry wrote:Also if you took your top pins and subtracted them from 13 it will give you your control key. So if you have a lot of cores to pull and no control key it is simple to make a key to remove them.


That is how i figured out the control key for the '"WY" keyway cores. But decided not to give full details in a writeup that would already be long. Also, if the cores were not correctly pinned (which we have all seen from time to time), then the method does not work. When they are correctly pinned, it saves a tremendous amount of time.

Gordon


If that were the case wouldn't it just be a top pin that is to long or short? You should be able to add up the stack and find out the correct pin for the top easily enough.


Yes, but a key blank would have been wasted. Not that they are too awfully expensive.

Gordon
Just when you finally think you have learned it all, that is when you learn that you don't know anything yet.
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Re: Combinating a Best SFIC Lock - very picture heavy!!!

Postby lock2006 » 4 Jan 2021 1:23

GWiens2001 wrote:Finally getting around to combinating a couple SFIC cores lying around, and thought it might be good to make a pictorial writeup while I did so. While I have some knowledge of these locks, the professional locksmiths here who work with them will know a great deal more than me. Please feel free to correct anything incorrect, as there is much of which I am ignorant. My thanks to MrWizard, who taught me a lot. Hopefully I remember it correctly!

To start with, here are the bittings of the two keys to be used in this core…

Image

For those not familiar with the terms, a control key is used strictly to remove the lock core. A change key (also known as an operating key) is used to unlock or lock the core, but will not remove the core.

SFIC locks use a tip-stopped key. The bottom of the key has a flat tip that stops the key from entering further into the lock core. Due to this, the bittings are numbered from the tip of the key to the bow, instead of the other way as in many other locks.

Image

Here is another key. This one is for a 5 pin lock.

Image

The SFIC keys are made so they can be cut further from the tip to make them usable in 5, 6 or 7 pin locks. For example, the key above could be used in a five pin core with the bitting 84848, a six pin core with the bitting 848480, or a seven pin core with the bitting 8484800.

There are two sheer lines in a SFIC, as opposed to a standard lock. The operating sheer line is closest to the key, and the control sheer line is further from the key. The difference between the two sheer lines is .125”. This greatly complicates pinning these cores, and will not go into greater detail right now. Will keep this ‘simple’, and not address master keying at this time.

Why no extra detail at this time? Well, here is an example. Here is the pinning chart for the pins in each chamber of the core as required for the change key and the control key…

Image

Here are the pins in the chart above. The pins are upside down from the way they will be in the lock core. Have found this to be an easier way to load the cores.

Image

Here you can see the change key will fit the bottom pins (key pins)...

Image

And here is the control key over the pins.

Image

This is a pinning block for SFIC cores. It holds the lock core while you load the pins…

Image

It is best to test the keys and pins before you cap the pin chambers. The pinning block helps with this. Here is the back of the lock core, with the control key inserted, then turned. You can see the control sheer line in the normal position in the first picture…

Image

And with the control key turned. If the core were still in the housing, it could now be removed.

Image

Now the core in normal position with the change (operating) key inserted…

Image

And the change key turned…

Image

OK, we know the keys will work in the lock. So now put the core into the capping block with the top of the core at the top like this:

Image

Load the springs into each pin channel

Image

And one cap in each channel:

Image

Verify each pin channel has a cap in place by looking in from the top of the capping block:

Image

This is a capping tool. It is used to seat the caps in the top of the pin channels.

Image

Place it into each pin channel like this:

Image

Now give a sharp rap with a rawhide or plastic hammer to seat the caps.

Image

before seating:

Image

after seating:

Image

The capped core:

Image

Change key works:

Image

Control key works:

Image

Here is an American 3200 padlock which will be the home for this ‘R’ keyway core:

Image

Image

Image

Using the control key to install (or remove) the core:

Image

Image

Image

And the change key works!

Image

The tools used:

Image

Now as a quick add-on, here is one of two ‘WY’ cores that I received.

Image

No keys came with the cores, so here is how you can take these cores apart and find the bittings.

Needed tools:

Image

This is the ‘book’ that the pins will be punched out of the core into for decoding.

Image

The top of the SFIC cores have the caps, and larger holes.

Image

The bottom of the core has smaller holes. The tool enters here and forces the pins, springs, and caps out the top of the core.

Image

Load the book into the capping block

Image

until it seats flush.

Image

Put the core to be decoded in the capping block upside down

Image

Place the long tool into the pin channel.

Image

and tap it with a rawhide or plastic hammer. Very light force is needed. No need to act like you are hammering a nail into hard wood.

Image

Once you have done that in all the pin chambers, you can remove the core.

Image

Image

And remove the book. Note: Keep the book with the open side of the pin channels up, or the pins, springs and caps will fall out. Yes, I had to learn this the hard way. :oops:

Image

Open the book, and see all the pins, springs and caps. Each pin channel is organized and labelled - so easy!

Image

Note how the pin stacks are identical length (combined). This is called ‘balanced stacks’, and is rather important for SFIC locks.

Image

Again, the bittings are numbered from the tip of the key, not the bow.

Image

Measured the pins and decoded the control key as 2733557. The key pins would work out to a bottom level change key of 5421370, and six of the seven pin channels have master pins. If my calculations are correct, that would give 64 possible change key permutations that would fit this lock core, plus the control key.



OK, that should be enough misinformation for now! ;)

Questions? Comments? Corrections? Please post them, so we can all learn.



Gordon




ok great information on this SFIC CORE i did find out the control and change key but how do i decode the master pins?
i do have a few cores and haven't been able to decode the master pins so i can get key bitting for the master pins.
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Re: Combinating a Best SFIC Lock - very picture heavy!!!

Postby Black85vette » 4 Jan 2021 8:14

Great write up Gordon. Excellent photos. I was wondering about these cores and didn't want to screw up a core by "exploring" it. I can see why specialized tools are recommended for this. Also, these tools look like a good project to make in the machine shop. Maybe at a later date. Thanks for the post.

Rick
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Re: Combinating a Best SFIC Lock - very picture heavy!!!

Postby GWiens2001 » 4 Jan 2021 20:20

Lock2006,

If you have accurate calipers, you can measure the heights of the master pins. Each difference in cut on an A2 system (most common) is .0125". However, keep in mind when you are deciding what pins you want to use if you are pinning the lock originally, do not use a single step (.0125") master pin. They like to flip on their side.

Black85vette,

I think you would be able to knock out a set of tools for SFIC cores if you have some experience in a machine shop. (Which I don't. Only what I've worked out on my own.)

Gordon
Just when you finally think you have learned it all, that is when you learn that you don't know anything yet.
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Re: Combinating a Best SFIC Lock - very picture heavy!!!

Postby lock2006 » 5 Jan 2021 0:13

hi i am working on an A2 system, its just i am having hard time decoding the master pins
i did decode control and change,but not master which is a little bit harder to decode,specially when not all 7 rodes of pins has master pins
i did watched a few videos and ask some guys for helps,but so far not good
on decoding the master pins

thanks anyways


Lock2006
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Re: Combinating a Best SFIC Lock - very picture heavy!!!

Postby jeffmoss26 » 5 Jan 2021 19:43

if you know the operating key cuts you can guess.
example - op key 174508

chambers

mp 224246
bp 150302

the other logical choice for the master key would be>
350342
but this is not a guarantee
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Re: Combinating a Best SFIC Lock - very picture heavy!!!

Postby tpark » 5 Jan 2021 21:03

lock2006 wrote:hi i am working on an A2 system, its just i am having hard time decoding the master pins
i did decode control and change,but not master which is a little bit harder to decode,specially when not all 7 rodes of pins has master pins
i did watched a few videos and ask some guys for helps,but so far not good
on decoding the master pins

thanks anyways


Lock2006



Usually you have to have a change key in order to figure out the master, unless you have a bunch of cores from the same system. If you have a number of cores, it's often possible to figure out the master, at least to the point where most of the chambers are figured out. My technique (if I have a change key) is to dump that core using my LAB Annex, measure up all the pins, measure the change key, and the cuts that aren't on the change key are on the master. If there's no master cut, I use the change key value. Most of the systems I've seen don't share any cuts between the master and the change keys though. Also, in a particular chamber, the cuts will either be all odd or all even. Once you've decoded everything make sure the stack heights add up to 23 otherwise you may have screwed something up. I've had cores where someone had used pins that were 1 short on the top though - maybe they ran out of the right ones.

I should note that it's possible to not use all even/odd values, but it appears as though all professionally keyed systems that I've dealt with do this.
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Re: Combinating a Best SFIC Lock - very picture heavy!!!

Postby GWiens2001 » 5 Jan 2021 21:12

When I set one up, I try to limit the number of master pins that are used to reduce ghost keys. I try to have at least one, and perhaps two chambers that do not have master pins. On the chambers that do have master pins, I never use the master key cuts for change keys.

Then again, the ones I have set up have been small potatoes compared to the large systems.

Gordon
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Re: Combinating a Best SFIC Lock - very picture heavy!!!

Postby demux » 6 Jan 2021 16:38

GWiens2001 wrote:When I set one up, I try to limit the number of master pins that are used to reduce ghost keys. I try to have at least one, and perhaps two chambers that do not have master pins. On the chambers that do have master pins, I never use the master key cuts for change keys.

Then again, the ones I have set up have been small potatoes compared to the large systems.

Gordon


Exactly. Most of the systems I do (SFIC or otherwise) are fairly small, rarely exceeding more than a couple hundred changes. On that scale, there's absolutely no need to progress every chamber. Yes, it limits system expandability and serviceability down the road, but if you're only progressing 4 or 5 chambers and even then are using less than half of the available key space, the security increase is more than worth it in my mind. If I have that many change keys go missing or the system grow that much, it's probably just time to rekey the whole thing anyway. ;-)
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Re: Combinating a Best SFIC Lock - very picture heavy!!!

Postby RedStagKiller » 28 Jan 2021 16:09

If you get in to doing a lot of cores then a capping press is the way to go. It makes pinning up SFIC so much more enjoyable to me (and faster for my boss). Anyways for anyone that does small orders and doesn't have a master keying system i wrote excel programs to create pinning charts for a MK system (with subs as well) for SFIC, sargent LFIC and regular systems if anyone wants to try them out. You have to put in your master key, control key and change key digits but it does all the math and is easily printable. I kinda just want to see what people think about it and if they might have improvements (or find errors).
Just an AA living in an A world.
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Re: Combinating a Best SFIC Lock - very picture heavy!!!

Postby demux » 29 Jan 2021 11:33

RedStagKiller wrote:Anyways for anyone that does small orders and doesn't have a master keying system i wrote excel programs to create pinning charts for a MK system (with subs as well) for SFIC, sargent LFIC and regular systems if anyone wants to try them out. You have to put in your master key, control key and change key digits but it does all the math and is easily printable. I kinda just want to see what people think about it and if they might have improvements (or find errors).


RedStagKiller, pretty cool. I wrote something similar in Python some time back, though mine only works for Best systems. Give it TMK, control key, and a CSV file with a list of all your keys and it'll spit out pinning charts for every chamber in every core, plus a list of all the pins you'll need. Example:
Code: Select all
$ cat bittings.txt
main entry (AA1),7555555
office (AA2),9555555
custodial closet (AA3),3555555
$ bestcalc.py -m 1555555 -c 1222222 -k bittings.txt
main entry (AA1):
 Driver: |12| |11| |11| |11| |11| |11| |11|
Control: | 4| | 7| | 7| | 7| | 7| | 7| | 7|
 Master: | 6| |--| |--| |--| |--| |--| |--|
 Bottom: | 1| | 5| | 5| | 5| | 5| | 5| | 5|

office (AA2):
 Driver: |12| |11| |11| |11| |11| |11| |11|
Control: | 2| | 7| | 7| | 7| | 7| | 7| | 7|
 Master: | 8| |--| |--| |--| |--| |--| |--|
 Bottom: | 1| | 5| | 5| | 5| | 5| | 5| | 5|

custodial closet (AA3):
 Driver: |12| |11| |11| |11| |11| |11| |11|
Control: | 8| | 7| | 7| | 7| | 7| | 7| | 7|
 Master: | 2| |--| |--| |--| |--| |--| |--|
 Bottom: | 1| | 5| | 5| | 5| | 5| | 5| | 5|

Top 2: 2
Top 4: 1
Top 6: 1
Top 7: 18
Top 8: 2
Top 11: 18
Top 12: 3
Bottom 1: 3
Bottom 5: 18


At some point it's on my todo list to slap a nicer interface on that and make it available on my website, or chuck the code up on GitHub, or something. It's still a bit rough around the edges but it works well for me. ;-)
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