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Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis of Pin Tumblers

Information about locks themselves. Questions, tips and lock diagram information should be posted here.

Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis of Pin Tumblers

Postby RevDisk » 19 Dec 2009 0:04

Naturally, everyone knows picking locks makes some sort of marks on the pins. Steel is harder than brass, ergo it's pretty likely to scrape away brass material. I got interested and looked around a bit. I saw a couple decent photos taken with a high MP camera and cropped, but nothing truly showing close up shots. So, I decided to toss a couple pins under an scanning electron microscope. I didn't happen to have one in my kitchen, so I went to the logical folks. Physics nanotech geeks, of course.

I went to the local Target and picked up three Master branded doorknobs. I liked the brand, as they seemed decent quality but not overly expensive. One was left pristine, one was picked, and one was bumped. I bagged all three cylinders and mailed them off along with a couple bags of candy. If you ever want to get geeks to do something, bribe them with sugar and/or caffeine. In this case, I decided to entertain myself by sending them Smarties and Nerds. I was gonna include a bag of Dum-Dums for the nano geeks to give to the chemistry department, but decided that wouldn't be nice.

Anyways, onto the photos:

I chopped down the photos a bit to save on bandwidth. Download and zoom to view properly. If anyone really wants the larger files, let me know. They're not substantially different than if you just zoomed in on the provided. All pins were imaged, and numbered from front to back. Pin 1 being closest to the keyway, Pin 5 being furthest in.

Pristine Cylinder, Pin 5, Photo C

Image

I noticed deep, long scratches even on the unused cylinder. Likely they tested a key at the factory. They were on all pins in all cylinders tested. Often one long scratch, and several smaller ones at different angles.

Pristine Cylinder, Pin 5, Photo D

Image

Different shot of the same pin. You can notice some surface deformation from manufacturing.

Pristine Cylinder, Pin 2

Image

You may notice black specks in various photos. This is primarily dust, but occasionally specks of brass or other contaminates. This is a 100 micron shot of one example of a piece of dust.

Picked Cylinder, Pin 1, Photo B

Image

And now we get to the interesting part. You can fairly clearly see evidence of picking. It does not look even remotely like the key marks. They are significantly less uniform in both length and angle, as keys generally do not have that much play when entering or leaving a lock. The most telling factor (if you look closely) is that they damage the edges of the pin. While key marks do leave scrapes on the pins, they do not mutilate the edges of the pins anywhere near to the same level as picking.

Image

Here is a close up shot of the edge of Picked Cylinder, Pin 1. The edge mutilation is quite visible.

Picked Cylinder, Pin 1, Photo C

Image

Another shot of Pin 1.


All images courtesy of Jeff Doughty and the Nano-Development Lab at Portland State University.
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Re: Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis of Pin Tumblers

Postby npdaniels » 19 Dec 2009 2:24

Thanks for the post, great pictures. Forensic locksmithng is something I'm very interested in. Keep up the good work.
Keys? We don't need no stinkin keys!
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Re: Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis of Pin Tumblers

Postby RevDisk » 19 Dec 2009 2:37

npdaniels wrote:Thanks for the post, great pictures. Forensic locksmithng is something I'm very interested in. Keep up the good work.


Much appreciated. If there is anything specific you want to see, let me know.

I'm working on getting sub 100 micron photos of key marks vs pick marks.
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Re: Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis of Pin Tumblers

Postby UEDan » 19 Dec 2009 4:00

Very interesting pictures, and you said you bumped a key, how did that turn out?
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Re: Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis of Pin Tumblers

Postby mh » 19 Dec 2009 7:25

Also check this out: http://www.lockpickingforensics.com/

Cheers
mh
"The techs discovered that German locks were particularly difficult" - Robert Wallace, H. Keith Melton w. Henry R. Schlesinger, Spycraft: The secret history of the CIA's spytechs from communism to Al-Qaeda (New York: Dutton, 2008), p. 210
Image
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Re: Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis of Pin Tumblers

Postby RevDisk » 19 Dec 2009 18:36

UEDan wrote:Very interesting pictures, and you said you bumped a key, how did that turn out?


Still waiting in the queue. Considering the Nano Development Lab is doing this on academic charity, I'm not begrudging their priorities. I'm really thankful for their help.


mh wrote:Also check this out: http://www.lockpickingforensics.com/

Cheers
mh


I actually managed to talk to Datagram last night. Very knowledge person and a very informative site.
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Re: Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis of Pin Tumblers

Postby RevDisk » 19 Dec 2009 23:48

Bump Cylinder, Pin 2, Photo B

Image

The evidence of bumping is slightly harder to see at first glance. Bumping appears to leave deeper key marks. Occassionally these key marks are punctuated, like dashes. Regular key marks are long, smooth scrapes.

Bump Cylinder, Pin 2, Photo C

Image

Another shot of the same pin. Note the punctuated key marks.


Bump Cylinder, Pin 3, Photo C

Image

Bumping also plays hell on the edges of a pin. Very deep key marks.


Bump Cylinder, Pin 5, Photo D

Image

Nice clear photo of both punctuated key marks and deep key marks on the edge of the pins.


Pristine Cylinder, Pin 3, Photo C
[img]
http://www.revdisk.net/projects/lpick-s ... -Pin3C.JPG[/img]

50 micron shot of a key mark. Key marks are approximately 25 microns wide.


Pristine Cylinder, Pin 3, Photo N

Image

Another 50 micron shot of a key mark.


Picked Cylinder, Pin 3, Photo A

Image

Clear shots of pick marks at the edge of a pin


Picked Cylinder, Pin 3, Photo C

Image

Closer shot of pick marks
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Re: Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis of Pin Tumblers

Postby globallockytoo » 20 Dec 2009 0:48

So, how can you tell the obvious difference between a bumped pin and a picked pin or a pin that simply has had the correct or incorrect key interact with it?
One One was a race horse, one one won one race, one two was a racehorse, one two won one too.

Disclaimer: Do not pull tag off mattress. Not responsible for legal advice while laughing.
Bilock - The Original True Bump Proof Pin Tumbler System!
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Re: Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis of Pin Tumblers

Postby RevDisk » 20 Dec 2009 2:29

globallockytoo wrote:So, how can you tell the obvious difference between a bumped pin and a picked pin or a pin that simply has had the correct or incorrect key interact with it?


Correct or incorrect key leave normal key marks. Long, continuous, even scrapes. Bump key marks are deeper, uneven and often noncontinuous marks. They also mutilate the edges of the pins, but in a completely different way than picks. They disturb a lot of material.

Picks are pretty obvious. Picks leave generally short, shallow marks. They also tend to mutilate the edges.
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Re: Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis of Pin Tumblers

Postby unlisted » 21 Dec 2009 4:39

You and Datagram should do some collaborating.. :P
New user? Click HERE & HERE & HERE
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Re: Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis of Pin Tumblers

Postby mhole » 21 Dec 2009 4:54

Fascinating images, thanks to you and the relevant Smarties and Nerds.

I think the coolest thing is the clearly defined spiral where the end of the pins have been turned to a taper. As you say, the different marks are quite easy to tell apart.

As others have suggested, you'll enjoy datagrams forensic lockpicking site. He contributed a nice piece to the latest 'Locksmith' trade magazine in the UK, and you should also check out the piece in the first 'Locksmith' about bumping marks by Chris Belcher if you can.
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Re: Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis of Pin Tumblers

Postby datagram » 21 Dec 2009 12:27

No fair, I don't have (inexpensive) access to such awesome machines :(

Great shots, though! Something that I've seen with this type of equipment that looks great is a quick impressioning job where there is alot of filing residue along the base of the pin tumblers. Looks neat under the SEM, especially at high magnification.

dg
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Re: Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis of Pin Tumblers

Postby datagram » 21 Dec 2009 12:32

globallockytoo wrote:So, how can you tell the obvious difference between a bumped pin and a picked pin or a pin that simply has had the correct or incorrect key interact with it?


The SEM photos make some things harder to see because they look flat, but if you look at traditional microscope photos the differences are pretty easy to spot. Bumping impacts the pins, causing dents, while picking is characterized by scratches along the bottom pins and plug walls. You can see examples of both at:

http://www.lockpickingforensics.com/lockpicking.php
http://www.lockpickingforensics.com/bumping.php

dg
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Re: Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis of Pin Tumblers

Postby npdaniels » 21 Dec 2009 15:56

I wonder what a pick gun or electric pick would like like. Hint Hint :)
Keys? We don't need no stinkin keys!
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Re: Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis of Pin Tumblers

Postby datagram » 21 Dec 2009 17:22

npdaniels wrote:I wonder what a pick gun or electric pick would like like. Hint Hint :)


http://www.lockpickingforensics.com/pick_guns.php

<_<

dg
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